Alfred T. Mahans Sea Power Strategy - 1673 Words

â€Å"Wherever the U.S. Navy goes U.S. commerce follows†[1] Alfred T. Mahan and the influence of sea power on U.S. expansion in the Pacific Alfred T. Mahans The Influence of Sea Power upon History in 1890, outlined and argued that three factors were crucial to The United States rise to the position of a great world power; the construction of a canal in Central America, the expansion of U.S. naval power, and the establishment of trade/military posts in the Pacific, as a means to stimulate trade with China. This book placed a strong emphasis on the idea that a strong navy stimulated trade, and influenced policy makers such as Theodore Roosevelt and other key proponents of a large navy. Mahan pointed out the importance of sea power in†¦show more content†¦Mahan viewed the sea as a center of gravity of vital strategic interest to the United States. Any limitation of, or challenge to, U.S. military power, particularly if it came from the sea, would constrain the nation and harm its national interests. Any victory of U.S. arms upon the sea would give the nation the luxury of independent action in pursuing its interes ts. While singling out and considering one by one the other components of sea power, Mahan drew the conclusion that the United States had the potential for developing this power. He noted two key elements: the character and will of the American people and the nation’s large industrial potential. The basic law for the life of nations, as Mahan saw it, was that nations must struggle with one another for existence and unless the United States was strong in the struggle, particularly at sea, it would perish. Therefore, the United States must build a large navy, seize new naval bases and colonies, force open distant markets and enter whole heartedly into the competition of the great nations for the possession and domination of the earth. He wrote that it was of the utmost importance to acquire overseas stations for the Navy: â€Å"Having ... no foreign establishments, either colonial or military, the ships of war of the United States, in war, will like land birds, unable to fly farShow MoreRelatedContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pages Gordon, Martin P. Loeb, and Chih-Yang Tseng 8. Accounting and strategy: towards understanding the historical genesis of modern business and military strategy Keith Hoskin, Richard Macve, and John Stone 9. Modernizing government: the calculating self, hybridization, and performance measurement Liisa Kurunmaki and Peter Miller  ¨ 10. Analytics of costing system design Eva Labro 11. Understanding management control systems and strategy Kim Langfield-Smith v vii xi 1 20 42 69 92 117 146 166 Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesSolidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _ T WENTIETH- C ENTURY H ISTORY Edited by Michael Adas for the American Historical Association TEMPLE UNIVERSITY PRESS PHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress

Diabetes Type II A Public Health Problem - 868 Words

It is no secret that Diabetes type II is rapidly becoming a public health problem that is attacking epidemic proportions worldwide. In fact, according to an online article by the Washington post titled, â€Å"CDC Says Diabetes Numbers Increasing,† Author Stein, Rob claims that the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has estimated that as of the year 2012, approximately 26 million Americans were clinically diagnosed with type II diabetes. Not to be confused type I diabetes however. Type I diabetes is where the body is typically insulin-dependent as beta cells are constantly attacked and destroyed by the immune system. Type II diabetes on the other hand, is where the body, may or may not make enough insulin; a hormone that serves to regulate the movement of sugars into the cells, and if it does make enough insulin, the body tends to not respond to it properly. In other words, one suffering from type II diabetes does not convert sugar into energy, but rather sto res it in their bloodstream. This has caused type II diabetes to be the most common form of its type. As a result, those who suffer from type II Diabetes normally result in extra body-fat, hypertension, and high cholesterol. In view of the fact that type II diabetes normally results in extra body fat. Being overweight places extra stress the body in ways not even imaginable, including the natural ability of the body to maintain proper, stable blood glucose levels. Moreover, a 2014 article by theShow MoreRelatedType II Diabetes Mellitus ( Dm )1745 Words   |  7 PagesType II Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that influences the physical and social aspects of life for millions of people living in New York City (NYC). The excess accumulation of glucose in the blood caused by this disease can lead to the breakdown of many organs in the human body leading to increased hospitalizations and mortality. Although diabetes is a manageable disease given the appropriate care and ed ucation, the disease and its complications disproportionately affect African-AmericansRead MoreDiabetes As A Western Disease1489 Words   |  6 Pagesfood we eat. While some food may make us active and full of energy, some may make us sluggish and lazy. Diabetes has been around for decades, as the increase in assortment of food and different varieties have become assessable to individuals globally, we have been dealt with a larger problem than many predicated. Diabetes started as a western disease has made its way to being a global problem with many organizations leading the fight to find ways to reduce the epidemic. While many may disagree thatRead MoreNatural And Environmental Factors Of Diabetes1622 Words   |  7 PagesPublic Health Problem This problem exists in society for a few different reasons which mainly include both natural and environmental factors. Diabetes consists of two main types, Type I and Type II, where both can be attributed to either an unhealthy diet or natural gene problem [3]. Type I diabetes occurs mainly when the body can not produce enough or any Insulin to absorb the glucose a person eats. Ten percent of all Americans in the United States with Diabetes suffers from this form, and needRead MoreDiabetes And The Prevalence Of Diabetes Essay930 Words   |  4 Pagesto 2.4 million Canadians were with diabetes (Type I and Type II) with 20% of diabetes cases remaining undiagnosed (Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC), 2011a). The prevalence of diabetes in Canada is higher amongst males when compared to females (PHAC, 2011a). Table 1 indicates that a higher number of men experience years life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD) and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) when compared to women (Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), 2013)Read MoreA Short Note On Diabetes Mellitus Type II1041 Words   |  5 Pagesresearch paper is Diabetes Mellitus Type II. Diabetes is one of the major chronic diseases caused by the insulin resistance that body generates within. It is a serious public health issue currently. There are different types of diabetes we encounter nowadays, but the three main types are Type I, Type II and gestational diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus,2005-2016). The type II diabetes is a non-controlled disease and it is the most common and also known as non-insulin dependent diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus,2005-2016)Read MoreProper Healthy Lifestyles1350 Words   |  5 PagesProper healthy lifestyles start at the households and begin with parenting. Our leaders of Guam need to recognize that diabetes is a growing issue on the island. Diabetes leads to strokes and heart attacks, which are some of the common cause of death on this island. The main probl em is that people on the island of Guam fail to understand the seriousness of diabetes. It is always fun and nice to see a supposedly overweight child because to the cultural norm it is acceptable in society. People failRead MoreA Short Note On Diabetes Mellitus Type II1039 Words   |  5 Pagesresearch paper is Diabetes Mellitus Type II. Diabetes is one of the major chronic diseases caused by the insulin resistance that body generates within. It is a serious public health issue currently. There are different types of diabetes we encounter nowadays, but the three main types are Type I, Type II and gestational diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus,2005-2016). The type II diabetes is a non-controlled disease and it is the most common and also known as non-insulin dependent diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus,2005-2016)Read MoreDiabetes For Developing Type II Diabetes1417 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes is a disease in which blood glucose levels are above normal. There are three types of diabetes: type I (previously called â€Å"insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus†), type II (previously called â€Å"non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus†, and gestational diabetes which is diagnosed during the second or third trimester of pregnancy). Prediabetes is a condition of high blood glucose of hemoglobin A1C levels, but these levels are not high enough to be classified as diabetes. These people are at increasedRead MoreMinority Health Disparities : Type II Diabetes1742 Words   |  7 Pages Minority Health Disparities: Type II Diabetes in African Americans Shelby Peterson HLTH 236 – 501 Jeff Guidry Texas AM University April 14, 2015 Executive Summary Type II Diabetes in African Americans is a major health disparity that is growing every day and needs to be understood more. According to the American Diabetes Association, African Americans are 1.7 times more likely to have diabetes than non-Hispanic whites (American Diabetes Association). Why is that? Scientist have been extensivelyRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus Type 2: A Research1511 Words   |  6 Pagesa serious metabolic disorder called Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. While not managed by insulin injections, it is nevertheless quite serious and has a number of progressing symptoms that, if not treated properly, can result in cardiovascular, renal and neurological problems, as well as amputation, ocular issues, and even cognitive dysfunction. Type II Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is also called non-insulin-dependent diabetes or aadult onset diabetes. It is a medical disorder that, due to

The Public Perception of CPAs in Today’s Society Free Essays

This paper will discuss the public perception of CPAs in today’s society, pitfalls that they may encounter, methods to prevent some of these negative behaviors and consequences they may face should they fall short. Most â€Å"Who Do You Trust? † surveys rank politicians, lawyers and used car salesmen at the bottom and certified public accountants at the top. That is because the CPA profession has a squeaky clean image–anal-retentive little wimps who wear thick glasses and cannot get a date. We will write a custom essay sample on The Public Perception of CPAs in Today’s Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now CPAs are known and respected for their honesty. The profession that goes out of its way to project that image, and there is a certain amount of truth to it. Not all accountants are anal-retentive little wimps who cannot get a date. Many of them are quite articulate. Some are quite lovely, in some schools, more than half of the accounting majors are women. Also, not all CPAs are squeaky clean and respected for their honesty. Some are quite dishonest and are putting a black mark on the image of the entire profession. There is one area where the CPA profession has fallen short of protecting the public interest. The general duty that accountants owe to their clients and the other persons who are affected by their actions is to â€Å"exercise the skill and care of the ordinarily prudent accountant† in the same circumstances. Two elements compose the general duty of performance: skill and care. Another element and responsibility is owed to clients and other persons, that is that accountants should observe a standard of ethical or social responsibility. One set of difficulties concerns ethics education’s ability to instill the chosen values and to make them stick after the educational process is completed. Instruction in accounting ethics is directed at people whose character-or lack there-of-has largely been formed by the time the instruction occurs. Although such instruction should increase the moral awareness of those who are already predisposed to listen, its effect on the basically self-interested, indifferent, or unethical is questionable. Even those who are positively influenced by ethics instruction, moreover, may still behave irresponsibly if their careers or their livelihoods require them to act in their client’s financial interest. Recent pressure to include more ethics instruction in the accounting classroom has placed an emphasis on individuals who have a sense of moral responsibility. An emphasis on codes of conduct may result in students’ failure to â€Å"develop discretion and judgment . . . which are more than simply a matter of what acts are forbidden, which are required, and which are permissible† (Whitbeck, 1992, 128). Emphasis on rules may quickly become training in how to get around the rules while remaining technically legal. While students must be acquainted with professional codes of conduct as part of their preparation for a career, most researchers on ethics do not consider such material to be sufficient grounding in ethical training (Fulmer and Cargile 1993:Adams et al. 1995). A few years ago the American Institute of Certified Public Accounts (AICPA), the largest CPA membership organization in the world, decided that starting in the year 2000, new members would have to have 150 semester hour of college credits (5 Years) instead of the present four years to become a member (McGee). On the surface that does not appear to any big deal. No one has to become an AICPA member to practice public accounting or to be a CPA. But, there are several problems with this. The most obvious is that the major group harmed is the students (or parents), who must cough up another $10,000 or $20,000 for a fifth year of education. Then there is the added cost of not having a job for the extra year it will take to complete the fifth year, so there is another $25,000 – $30,000. But that is not all. The segment to the student population most harmed by this insane policy is the segment least likely to be able to pay for a fifth year – blacks, Hispanics, low-income students of whatever persuasion. Poor people and minorities, along with rest of us, will have to face an even higher barrier to entry into the accounting profession. (Metzger 1061) As mentioned earlier is additional education only going to make accountants more proficient at learning techniques to get around laws, perhaps using unethical behaviors? And at the same time force extra barriers on many disadvantaged people hoping to make an honest living? This may be only speculation of the could and could nots of what may happen, but serious food for thought. What are the consequences of these unethical behaviors? Accountants can be held liable for damages to clients and to third parties, he may also be found criminally liable for violation of securities, tax, and other laws. For criminal violations, he may be fined and imprisoned. Wrongful conduct may also result in the issuance of an injunction, which bars him from doing the same acts in the future. In addition, his wrongful conduct may be the subject of administrative proceedings by the Securities and Exchange commission and state licensing boards. An administrative proceeding may result in the revocation of an accountant’s license to practice or the suspension from practice. Finally disciplinary proceedings may be brought against an accountant by professional societies such as the AICPA. Most states have statues imposing criminal penalties on accountants who willfully falsify financial statements or other reports in fillings under the state securities laws and who willfully violate the state securities laws or aid and abet criminal violations of these laws by others. Accountants have great responsibilities to their clients and to society. As an accounting major, doing research for this paper has helped to open my eyes to the many aspects of my intended profession. I have realized that it is a very trustworthy profession, held in the highest esteem by the public at large. I know that I must take my job and the trust instilled in me very seriously. I hope that this paper has enlightened you to the pitfalls many certified public accountants face today, both with ethical standards and with impending educational requirements. How to cite The Public Perception of CPAs in Today’s Society, Papers

Developmental Psychology and Stage free essay sample

Jean Piaget’s Stage Theory of Cognitive Development: At what age do you feel you entered the stage of Formal Operational Thought? Explain the stage briefly and then focus on providing examples of ways your thinking has shifted to indicate you have developed into this stage of reasoning. (For instance, provide an example of how your views of justice or morality have shifted as you’ve matured. ) I believe that I entered the Formal Operational Thought Stage when I was seventeen years old. I was a senior in high school preparing for life after graduation. It was during this time period that I began to formulate plans for my life after high school as well as learning how to think and act come to conclusions for myself. My mind state at this time was how I was going to pay for a college education and still be able to survive on my own. After careful consideration and weighing the pros against the cons it was then that I decided to join the United States Army. 2. Developmental Stage Theory of Erik Erikson: Choose one stage from Erikson’s Developmental Stage Theory and apply it to your own life. Explain the stage, age that it occurs, and how the central challenge of that stage played out in your life. What was the outcome of this stage for you? Did anything happen in your life prior to that stage that affected the outcome? How does the outcome from that stage affect how you are today? Provide specific details that demonstrate your understanding of the stage you choose. I choose the fifth stage Adolescence. Erickson defines this stage as the time in our life when we start to question who we are. He believes that between the ages of 12 and 18 we struggle with identity and role confusion. I believe that this stage in life has a tendency to set the tone of an individual’s life. For me this stage has proved to be the most important part of my life. During this phase in my life I found out that both my parents had very serious addictions and that my siblings and I were going to live with my grandparents. By my grandparents being so old I found myself struggling with role identity the most. While other children my age was outside playing and enjoying their youth I was taking on the role of my younger sibling’s mother. By the time I entered high school I had come to the realization that it was my responsibility and my responsibility only to take care of my little brother and sister. My mother showed no interest in getting help or accepting the fact that she had an addiction and my father had disappeared completely we only heard from him on an irregular basis. So instead of hanging out with my friends or doing tra curricular activities after school I would go straight home cook dinner and help my siblings with their homework all before doing my own homework. When I entered into my junior year in high school I joined the JROTC program which gave me a better understanding of the army. At seventeen I joined the IL Army National Guard. I honestly believe that if it weren’t for the things that happened prior to this stage in my life I wouldn’t have made the decision to join the Army. The events in this stage of my life taught me the true meaning of responsibility as well as what it means to be selfless. It helped me understand what my purpose in life was. I am who I am today because of the life lessons I learned during the phase in my life. I am an awesome mother wife and soldier because of the things I learned during that time period. 3. Lawrence Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development: Considering the moral or ethical decisions that you have made in your life, describe one decision you made based on one of the three levels of moral development. Be sure to clearly explain the level of moral development and clearly identify the underlying ethical reasoning behind your decision. (For instance, you may explain a decision you made based on Preconventional morality when you were a child, or you may focus on a decision you made from a higher level of development as an adult. ) One decision I have made that aligns with the beliefs of Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development occurs during lever one stage one. Kohlberg’s defines this level as a preconceived understanding that those in charges gives us a set of rules that we must obey this stage normally occurs during the early years of development. As a child we were always taught to keep our hands to ourselves to no touch what does not belong to us. Although I was very aware of what the rules were and the consequences of breaking one of those said rules my older brother and I would always sneak into the kitchen in the middle of the night and eat my dad’s peanut butter bars. One night my brother had went to spend the night at his friend’s house and I woke up in the middle of the night and snuck down stairs like I had done numerous nights before. I went into the kitchen and got two peanut butter bars and as I was getting ready to sneak back upstairs to my room I heard my dad coming down the stairs so I hurried up and crawled under the kitchen counter. I was terrified of getting caught because I knew what the consequences were. Both my parents were avid believers in sparing the rod child spoils the child so in a case like this I knew that my punishment would be a whipping. My dad walked around the entire kitchen before going upstairs moments later I heard my mom scream. My dad had woke her up because when he went upstairs and I wasn’t in mom room. They searched the entire house while I hid under the kitchen sink. At this point and time my choices were to come from under the sink and tell them what I had done or continue hiding. Right as I heard my mom say they needed to call the police I panicked and ran from under the sink crying and begging them not to call the police on me. I knew that by sneaking and taking my dad’s peanut butter bars I was breaking the rules but the thought of going to jail because of it was a lot more than what I was prepared to handle. 4. Developmental Milestones: Motor Development. The unfolding of biological potential is known as â€Å"maturation. † Motor skill development in babies is mostly controlled by the process of maturation. Think about a child that you have known (yourself, your own child, a friend or family member). Describe how the child progressed from rolling over, to sitting, standing, and walking. At what age did each milestone occur? Did the development occur in a â€Å"typical† sequence based on what you’ve learned in your text? Is there anything that occurred in the child’s environment that either delayed motor development or facilitated it? What is the difference between â€Å"maturation† and â€Å"learning,† based on your readings and observation? Having three children of my own I have had the great privilege of seeing their motor development. With that being said they all developed completely differently. My oldest had a lot of delays is his motor development. He was born six weeks prematurely and it was said that that was the reason behind his delays. He began rolling over at around six months and didn’t take his first steps until well after his first birthday. My second child developed a lot sooner than the texts suggests is normal. At her ix week check-up she was rolling over from her stomach to her back by her three month check-up she was rolling from her back to her stomach sitting up unsupported and was beginning to pull herself up on things by six months she was taking steps on her own unsupported she never crawled she went straight from pulling herself up to walking. My youngest child is currently seven months and although she is not developing as fast as my second child she does not exhibit and motor developmental delays. She was born six weeks prematurely as well. I do think that since she has older siblings around her that that may have contributed to the speed in her development. It has been my personal experience that when babies are around other children that are more developed then they are on a daily basis they have tendency to develop at a faster speed then children who are in an environment where there aren’t other children around.

Struggling readers vs. non struggling readers

Fitzpatrick, Gunzehauser and Taylor (2007) define struggling readers as categories of students who have difficulties in comprehension and lack word accuracy. On the other hand, non struggling readers are categories of students who master language comprehension well and have word accuracy. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Struggling readers vs. non struggling readers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is always a challenge to educate struggling readers, and therefore, teachers should make it as a continuous struggle. However, teachers should not neglect non struggling readers because they also need continued knowledge acquisition in comprehensions. Teachers should always find a balance in teaching students of various understanding capacities. In a research involving 22 pre-service teachers, it was discovered that the best way to teach all kinds of students especially in comprehension is to involve the pr ofessional knowledge, practical and personal inputs of the teachers (Duffy Atkinson, Feb 2001). Tutoring the struggling readers was also discovered as a way of putting them into leverage with those who could read well. According to Duffy Atkinson (Feb2010), the use of three measures is important because they help put all students at a level. If the students are to be taught using same methods, the struggling readers may not catch up. Guthrie and Davis (Nov, 2010) introduces three most important methods of teaching struggling students as; using real world form of teaching, encouraging collaborations between able readers and struggling ones, and giving direct instructions for crucial reading strategies. Using real world teaching This is to correlate what is in the text and what is in the real world. For example, giving the struggling learners a pictorial mind may help them visualize what is being taught. In comprehension and text reading, the teacher should describe the actions in the text and relate to something known. For instance, describing how a child walks or the way a mother cooks. Encouraging collaboration between struggling and non struggling Students understand each other better. If struggling readers could be assisted by non struggling readers, it is possible for the struggling readers to catch up. For example, in reading a text, a struggling student would be more willing to be assisted by a non struggling student more than the teacher. This is because they can understand each other better. Giving direct instructions for crucial reading strategies Learners understand something better if the instructions are clear and direct. While teaching or directing students to read comprehension text, the teacher should simply any difficult words for the learners. Especially for the struggling learners, the teacher should always substitute complex words with simple words. Even when giving some reading strategies, they should always be simple and easy to underst and.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Determining reading levels of learners According to Rog (2003), a teacher can determine various reading levels of the learners by use of different strategies. Some reading strategies are best suited for high skilled readers; others are for those who require lots of practicing while others are for those who need re-teaching. The teachers can also use differentiated complexity of reading materials to differentiate. For example, use of cards for birthdays, success, wish well cards and letters can help assess the reading levels of the learners. Also, they can be differentiated by the speed of reading. Pressley (2006) writes that skilled readers are able to read 200-300 words in a minute. They can easily recognize various words and do not need a lot of practicing to understand a complex word. When they understand a word, they do not forget ea sily. Non skilled readers especially those who require a lot of practicing can read from 100-300 words and assistance of the teacher is needed. They recognize some words after a lot of practicing on their own or by assistance of the teacher. They are prone to forget a word even after practicing. The readers who require a lot of teaching and re-teaching are slow readers, and in minute, they can only cover 50-100 words. They do not recognize words easily and have to be taught again before they can understand. These readers may forget words even after re-teaching and that is why they require simple and direct instructions. References Duffy, A. M Atkinson, T. S. (Feb, 2010). â€Å"Learning to teach struggling (and non-struggling) elementary school readers: An analysis of pre-service teachers’ knowledge.† Journal of Reading Research and Instruction, 41(1), 83-102 Fitzpatrick, J., Guzenhauser, K. Taylor, J. (2007). â€Å"Strategies for struggling readers†, Grades 3 -5. Huntington: Creative Teaching Press.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Struggling readers vs. non struggling readers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Guthrie, J. T. Davis, M. H. (Nov, 2010). â€Å"Motivating struggling readers in middle school through an engagement model of classroom practice.† Journal of Reading and Writing Quarterly, 19(1), 59-85. Pressley, M. (2006). Reading instruction that works: The case for balanced teaching. New York: Guilford Press, Inc. Rog, L. J. (2003). â€Å"Guided reading basics: Organizing, managing and implementing a balanced literacy program in K-3†. Ontario: Pembroke Publishers, Inc. This research paper on Struggling readers vs. non struggling readers was written and submitted by user Kade B. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Malapropisms

Malapropisms Malapropisms Malapropisms By Sharon Sheridans 18th century play, The Rivals, featured a hilarious character called Mrs Malaprop, who was apt to drop a verbal clanger whenever she opened her mouth. Thats where we get the word malapropism from, though its real origin is in the French phrase mal propos, meaning inopportune or not to the purpose. When someone uses a malapropism, its because: theyve used a word that was not what they intended, given the context the word used sounds similar to the one intended the word used actually means something different (in other words, its not a made up word) Malapropisms are often the same part of speech, begin or end in the same way or have the same rhythm when spoken. Here are a few malapropisms. Feel free to add a few of your own in the comments thread. From The Rivals Hes as headstrong as an allegory on the banks of the Nile. (alligator) He is the very pineapple of politeness. (pinnacle) I am sorry to say, Sir Anthony, that my affluence over my niece is very small. (influence) I thought she had persisted from corresponding with him; (desisted) Make no delusions to the past. (allusions) From The Other Pages Damp weather is very hard on the sciences. (sinuses) Having one wife is called monotony. (monogamy) A rolling stone gathers no moths. (moss) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Punctuate References to Dates and TimesOne Fell SwoopOne Scissor?

Public administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Public administration - Essay Example It is usually responsible for using a major proportion of national resources raised via taxation to give services to people. Entities in the public sector are accountable not merely for how much they expend but also for the methods they use the resources that they have been assigned. Further, they have an overarching duty to serve the public interest in following the needs of legislation and management policies (Holzer and Schwester 19). Integrity is thus an essential component that the whole entity can display in all its actions as well as has mechanisms. Another component is defining of its intended outcomes that ought to be sustainable. The governing body must ensure that its decisions promote the entity’s purpose, add to planned benefits and result and remain within the limits of authority along with resources. Input from citizens, institutional stakeholders, service users and others is crucial to the success of this course and in balancing challenging demands to establish priorities for the limited available resources. Since technology can be a costly disruption from the hard and non-glamorous work of everyday service delivery besides supervision, it is imperative to balance technology needs versus the irrational attractiveness of this feature of the work (Holzer and Schwester 23). Some of the technologies available for use are mobile phones, portable computers, fax, e-mail, teleconference facilities, voice-activated computers, data-capturing whiteboards and dial-in Web-based appraisal measures. Public sector leaders are expected to uphold a level of integrity and morality that serves the society’s interests and demonstrates diplomacy, personal responsibility, and truthfulness. With these views, the ethical role of the public leader is to serve the public interest while being honest, fair, trustworthy, lawful, and doing the least amount harm (Holzer and Schwester 35). Nevertheless, it is unfeasible to understand completely

Comparative Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Comparative Religion - Essay Example There have been in the religious discourse, plenty of theories and theoretical paradigms pertaining to the need, purpose and the importance of religion in the lives of the people who follow them. Some of these theories are worth noting. For instance, James Frazer (pp. 232-246), an anthropologist of evolutionary school of thought, places religion in a nonlinear hierarchical evolutionary ladder in which, the first step is magic followed by religion and subsequently by science. He argues that the earlier people were not aware of the ‘real’ reasons behind the natural processes and so, came up with explanations that now sound fantastical and unlikely. These explanations form the realm of magic and soothe the human anxiety when the mind could not find any other explanation. However, man soon realized that magic could not work in all situations and there has to be a definite propitiation of the higher power in the way things pan out in the universe and thus religion was born. A ccording to Frazer (pp. 256-278), it came out of a need to reconcile the ideal with the real i.e. the happenings of the real world were not explained completely by the human intervention alone and thus the need for a divine explanation was born. A related theory of Sigmund Freud, the famous psychologist, presents religion as a response to the need of putting the responsibility of one’s action off to a higher invisible power, usually male which represents the innate need of man to be able to depend on a strong male figure. Although highly infamous and usually discredited, this theory does lay sufficient groundwork in answering the question of why people need religion in their lives and why, more importantly, it provides them the comfort that it is reported to provide. However, the most intriguing and interesting feature of the religious discourse is its diversity. The religions across the world are diverse in all respects. Some base their belief system on the existence of one God, while others believe in a series of gods and goddesses; still others seem to reject the idea of God altogether. These religions are monotheism, polytheism and atheism respectively (n.d., 56). This is the most primary way of classifying religion. There are other ways too. Some religions stem from myths whereas others from revealed books. Some religions revolve around a charismatic leader or an inspirational figure, whose guidelines form the foundation of the ethical conduct of the religion. The comparative analysis of the religions is one of the most popular streams in religious discourses in present-day academia. Scholars take great interest in juxtaposing religions to each other, comparing different common units to each other. The scope of this paper limits itself to such a comparison between two world religions namely, Islam and Hinduism. The paper tries to compare and contrast Islam and Hinduism in several respects and approach some platform of commonalities and differences between the two. Comparison of Religious History The Islam and Hinduism have diverse religious histories. Whereas Islam has a unified, straightforward origin, Hinduism’s history through time is still very much in debate. Islam, as a religion, started in 600 A.D (Lantiqua, 98). Prophet Muhammad, the last messenger of God, according to Quran, the Holy Book of Islam, initiated the religion when he received the first revelation from God via his angel, Gabriel. Islam spread as a movement and approached the doors of Meccans, other Arabs and emperors of neighboring countries by the followers and close friends

India and Pakistan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

India and Pakistan - Essay Example India has struggled for survival form various invaders from different religions. All invaders tried their best to loot the rich properties India possessed during period of their invasion. The first Anglo-French war took place in the year 1748. Nawab of Bengal, Siraj-ud-aulah was defeated the English in the Battle of Plassey in the year 1757. Again there was a war between French and the English defeated the French. In the year 1761, the ruler of Afghanistan, Ahmed shah Abadi conquered the Marathas great warriors in the Battle of Panipat third. The English gained the Rights in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa in the year 1765. Clive Lord has become Governor in Bengal during this period. There was a first Mysore war during 1767-69 between the British and Hyder Ali of Mysore. The English had secured the Northern circars in the year 1766. The British in their parliament passed the Regulatory Act in the 1773. Warren Hastings has ascended the chair of Governor of Bengal in the year 1772. The first Anglo-Maratha was taken place during the period 1775-1782. Maharaja Ranjit Singh was born in the year 1780 that had struggled with the British for safeguarding his people in the second Mysore war; the English defeated the Hyder Ali during the period 1780-84. ... The English ahs crushed the Marathas in the second Anglo-Marathas war at Assaye. Sir Arthur Wellesley led the English. Lord William Bentick became the Governor General of Bengal in the year 1828 who had subsequently, successfully brought prohibition of sati in the year 1829 in to force by removing age old customs followed by the people of North in particular this Act was welcomed by most of the communities in India and gave them a sounding support. During the period 1845-46, the English defeated the Sikhs after the death of Maharaja Ranjit singh who died in the year 1839. Lord Dalhousie has become the Governor General of Bengal in the year 1848. First Indian Railway was laid form Bombay to thane in the year 1868. In the year 1858, Indian Government was taken over by the British crown. The important Acts such as Indian penal code, Indian councils and Indian High Courts came into existence and force. The queen of England has proclaimed the empress's of India in the year 1877. The Briti shers gave Mysore state back to their original rules in the year 1881.In the year 1911, the imperial capital shifted form Calcutta to Delhi, The First World War broke out in the year 1914. The Indian National congress consisting of Hindus and Muslims had made Annie Besant as the president in the year 1917. Montague reforms committee offered limited provincial autonomy Indians in the year 1919. In this year the massacre was broke out in Jallianwala bagh where some hundreds Sikhs were killed by the British in a congregation. The Indian national congress gave a call to observe movement, non-cooperation. British clothiers were burnt. Students did not attend colleges. Lawyers left the practice in the courts in the year

Therapeutic Horseback Riding

Therapeutic Horseback Riding Running Head: THERAPEUTIC HORSEBACK RIDING Abstract Therapeutic horseback riding is very beneficial for a rider of any age and had been used as a way of improving the health and physically good state of a person with a handicap or disability. Therapeutic horseback riding is a good way of teaching a kid with disabilities how to react and grow while working with horses. Horses have an uncanny way of communicating with a person and knowing how to work with them to benefit them no matter how long they have known the person. Many miracles have happened with people who were disabled and told they couldnt do something but with some work are able to now. I have heard many success stories in the news and in the paper about people getting into accidents or becoming unable to move and after many years of hard work on horseback they are able to take their first step again! Therapeutic Horseback Riding Eleven years ago, Henry Boersmas stroke left him not only paralyzed on his left side, but without the self-confidence he once had in his career as a regional industrial representative. It took a move to Ocala and volunteering with MTRA Marion Therapeutic Riding Association) to not only find his self-esteem again, but also regain his physical strength-on the back of a horse. When Henry, now 64, heard someone from the Marion Therapeutic Riding Association speak at a meeting of a local stroke club about five years ago, Henry decided to give it a try, even though he had never been on a horse in his life. â€Å"The first time I was on a horse, I was really sore the next day! Now I ride once a week, and volunteer 5 days a week. I feed the horses, clean their hooves, and even help clean the fields and carry the manure! I go home tired, but it feels good. This is such a great program. Two years ago Henry won the Exceptional Challenge Cup at the National United Professional Horseman Associat ion competition in Kansas City. He won third overall too. (Marion, 2007) Therapeutic horseback riding can help people in many ways and can be traced throughout the ages. There is documentation of individuals exploring the different therapeutic ways of horsemanship as far back as 600 B.C. The first study actually documented can be traced back to 1875 where Cassaign, a doctor, prescribed horseback riding his patients and believed that riding would and did benefit the patient. There were many patients with all different issues like; neurological disorders, joint pain, people being told they will never walk again, and people with balance issues. A hospital in England called Oxford tells their patients or injured soldiers from World War I to ride. (Marion, 2007) Due to the unique bond formed between human and animal. Many people throughout the ages have realized the importance of riding for people with disorders of all kinds. History According to the Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association, therapeutic riding is mostly attributed to Lis Hartel. She was stuck in wheelchair and even though she could barley walk she was very determined to keep riding despite her disability. Hartel was stricken with polio in 1940 and that illness made her limited to how much she could move. Even though she was limited in her mobility she still rode all the time and due to that she was successful in rehabilitating herself through horseback riding. She was so successful that she went and won two Olympic silver medals for Grand Prix Dressage in 1952 and 1956. This caught the attention of therapists, and doctors and Hartel paired with a physical therapist and together started one of the first. (ORourke, 2004) Therapeutic Riding According to All and Loving (1999) therapeutic horseback riding, which can also be called equine-assisted is an emerging activity used for a person with a range of mental, physical, social or emotional needs and who need special attention to survive in life. This kind of riding is greatly beneficial for the rider as a way of improving health and a well being of people with handicaps and disabilities. There are two services in therapeutic riding equine assisted activities and equine assisted therapy. Equine assisted activities are activities with the horses provided by trained professionals, but more focusing on recreational, leisure, sport or education some examples are therapeutic riding, driving or equine facilitated learning. All these activities are guided by an educational or learning model and skills are taught to riders and students. (Bieber N. 1996) Equine Assisted Activities- Therapeutic riding is usually most effective in children because they are learning from the horse mental and social development. These activities produce many improvements and many success stories in riders of all ages. Some activities they do on horse back are identifying shapes, colors, numbers, letters, and pictures and also playing games to help the kids function while working a horse but also improving on their flexibility, balance, posture, breathing, and verbal abilities. There are hundreds of programs around the world as well as many organizations that work with the various forms of therapeutic riding including hippo therapy which is a treatment strategy used by occupational, physical and speech therapists and use the horse as a therapeutic tool. The movement of the horse is helps by influencing neuromuscular changes in the patient. Psychotherapy- There is psychotherapy which is used by a mental health professional and uses the horse not as a tool but in different ways for a therapeutic benefit. Horses often provide the best therapy for patients because they do not have to suffer from the unreliability of a person. (Warner Saleh, 2007). Horses are honest, which forces the patient to become responsible for their actions. Patients who refuse to admit to their responsibilities encounter many difficulties in working with a horse. Once a patient begins to admit their mistakes and search for ways to fix them, then they are naturally rewarded by the horse being more intuitive to their actions. Equine Assisted Therapy- The other service is Equine Assisted Therapy; these services are taught by licensed medical professional. To be a professional in this kind of program they have to go through proper training, education and state license appropriate to their practice. Examples of this practice are hippo therapy and equine assisted psychotherapy. How they use the horses to help treat the patients is by utilizing the horses movement to meet the patients goal based on what their disability is. But these horses help the patients not only with acquiring a relationship with the animal and learning to care for the animal but riding a horse provides a often profound and unique activity for many people. The motion of the horse, the concentration it takes to learn how to ride and the communication between their instructor and rider allow the patient to benefit from riding even with a disability and is a fun kind of therapy. This therapy has many benefits because when horseback riding gently and rhythmically mov es the riders body so similar to a humans gait that patients with physical disabilities show improvement in flexibility, balance and muscle strength. But with patients who have a more mental or emotional disability the relationship the patients have with the horse can lead to an more confident person with more self esteem than when first started. (Bieber N. 1996) Who Can Benefit? Physically Disabled- Some advantages of therapeutic riding are; physically therapeutic riding can be beneficial to many people with special needs. Riding is a physical activity and people who are mentally disabled benefit from it with an improvement of physical tasks, balance, muscle strength, flexibility, joint movement, and posture. Some physical disabilities that this helps with is muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, amputation, paralysis, spinal bifida, downs syndrome, etc. (Beiber, 1996) Balance and Posture- Horseback riding requires balance and posture for any rider. Patients lacking good balance and posture get a lot of work on it when riding from the very moment they hop on the back of a horse. The movement from the horse causes the rider to strengthen its core muscles and the movement works on both sides of the rider helping with the position. The connection between riders is the most important element in building a patient up to improve in different areas.(Beiber, 1996) Strength and Flexibility- The movement of a horse requires good strength and flexibility, the muscle regions that are used the most when riding are the back, buttocks, legs, ankles, knees and hips. Riding can also benefit smaller muscles and joints throughout the body in an activity or exercise. This exercise helps riders with low muscles tone and loose flexibility and helps strengthen and tighten the muscles. But it also works in reverse ways also and people with high muscle tone work on relaxing the muscle and moving with the gait of the horse.(Beiber, 1996) Mentally Disabled- People with sensory and cognitive disabilities can be helped on horseback also. Some examples of disabilities that can get help are: mental retardation, autism, brain damage, down syndrome, developmental disorders, ADD/ADHD, dyslexia, learning disabilities, etc. When riding you have to be very attentive and reason skills but also remember things that you have learned as halting, going, trotting, ect. Due to riding building knowledge as time progresses, simple tasks grow into complex skills that can help provide the rider with intellectual stimulation. Riding involves a lot of information in a small amount of time and in a lesson a rider is asked to interpret sensory information they are learning from the horse, instructor, and environment around them.(Sterba J 2007) The rider has to gain and learn all this information that is appropriate for learning riding skills. The motion, feel, smell, sound and sight of a horse is a lot to absorb especially for a mentally disabled person. Even t hough the instructors take it slow and let the student process this information. According to the North American Riding for Handicapped Association (NAHRA, 2002) â€Å"Riding is both relaxing and demanding for students of all cognitive abilities, depending on the focus of the lesson.† Why horses are therapeutic If you have ever looked at a small childs drawing or play toys they have always drawn horses or played with horses even if they have never seen or ridden one. When watching a horse movie you are always cheering or gasping when a horse is running onto the screen or racing in a big derby like Seabiscut . Many children loved that movie or Black Beauty and watched them over and over, playing with toy horses, or having a rocker to ride. I know my niece does and she is only two years old and has never seen a horse, but she rides her rocking horses every day. A horses special power A horse holds a special power that people of all ages will never out grow. No matter if you love or hate horses, if you see a beautiful horse you gasp and love it but then if you see an emaciated, almost dead horse your heart goes out to it. A simple picture of a horse can emotionally move us and interacting with one can strengthen someone who needs it. Horses do have natural healing powers and, if you have ever been around a horse and actually spent some alone time with them it can make you grow so fond of that horse and make you feel like the most amazing person possible. They love to cuddle. They are always curious and can put a smile on any face. So when someone with a mental or physical disorder comes with them, it help the person grow from the inside out and starting with the heart. If you show love to a horse they will show as much love as they can give to you. If you get mad at a horse and they realize they have done bad they will come up to you and try and kiss you and make up to like a dogs does. Those little things a horse does really shows to someone who has trouble mentally because it shows they do care. When interacting with a horse it immediately challenges issues of fear and confidence and horses are very responsive to human emotion and actions. Horses will sense and respond to a students negative emotions and behaviors. If you are frustrated on a horse the horse will sense that and become frustrated also. This shows a person that they need to recognize the effects of their emotions while riding and put all that aside.(Loving 1999) Advantage of Riding One advantage is a horse will never lie to you. Horses will truthfully tell you how it is and never hide emotions. Horses also do not respond nicely to bullying or aggressive behavior, a horse will kick or bite you and never hesitates to tell you â€Å"how it is.† To be able to work correctly with a horse a person needs to be aware of their methods of communication and be able to solve any problems that may come upon them when riding so they get positive responses from the horse. (Loving, 1999) Another positive thing is horses will not judge you they will react simply to what is or has happened or how they feel. People soon learn that the â€Å"labels† that are constantly used in todays society dont apply. They can â€Å"tell it to the horse—he doesnt care† Because of this people who are in therapy are able to learn to truly be themselves and enjoy for the first time in their lives! (Loving 1999) Individuals with emotional, social and mental disabilities benefit in many ways with therapeutic horseback riding. A study found that patients experience increased confidence and improved self-concept and with these activities it helps in a patients social skill. Horses also can help a person feel in control because you are telling the horse to do something and they will do it. A person also improves in communication due to learning how to care for and ride a horse, the patient has to be able to communicate with the horse and the instructor. Riding is a very social activity. Riding helps empower people and enables them to connect on a personal level. Also the unpredictable nature of animals and situations also creates a real-life environment in which the patient will be able to confront fears and make adjustments to situation that can be beyond their control. (Warner C Saleh S 2007) Skills you need to teach Some skills you will need to have to become an instructor or do therapy with the kids on horseback is: You are going to need a lot of patience and consideration to the kids, they do not understand everything going on and it is usually a new environment for them. If you are doing therapy with the kids you need the proper education as a four year college and proper physical therapy degree also. When coaching or instructing you are going to need a degree in an equine program for example equine industries management, so you know how to work with a horse and control a horse if it may go out of control. Other things that will be useful to have is being a happy person and not a grouchy person. A student does not want a grumpy teacher when they are trying to do something but a person who is happy and always cheering them on and helping them achieve the goals they have set for. You really need to have a positive attitude about everything so it is easier on you and the student but also be able to communicate well and if worse comes to worse have a plan B if plan A falls through. You want to be able to make the therapy lessons fun and enjoyable for the students also so they want to come back and enjoy what they are doing. This horse program is an integral part of any ranch and therefore are required to attend sessions at the barn regularly. When you first appear at the ranch you start working with a horse learning the safety, care, feeding, grooming, and as well the basic behavior and herd interaction of a horse. You participate in horse classes with a team of trainers two times a week for an hour and a half each time. Very few students who approach a ranch proclaim they hate horses and want nothing to do with them which is mostly a fear factor. But usually by the time they are done with their program they loves horses and cant get enough of them. These programs have been found to be very successful with the inexperienced as you are able to have a fresh start with them and easily shape the nature of their experience. In conclusion I have found out with a lot of the research I have been doing that when riding a horse you can really grow and become able to do things that you were not able before as; walking, making friends, and the daily chores a person must do. When riding a horse you also form a bond with the horse and learn how to work with such a big animal and you really can grow from the experience and develop better physical, mental and sociological skills that you could not learn before. Therapeutic horse back riding has many benefits and can help people achieve their dreams as it has already done for many others. Therapeutic horseback riding can be a very rewarding experience for the student and the teacher if you put the time and effort in it. Many people say that it is dangerous and students can get hurt but a professional will not put a kid on a high spirited horse all the horses they use are dead broke and are specially trained for this type of work. They are used to high pitched noise s and mentally disabled kids. For these horses this is not their first rodeo.

Essay --

YMCA Community Action Program (Y-CAP) The YMCA The YMCA is a leading nonprofit organization for youth development, healthy living and social responsibility. The YMCA, also known as the Y, is a nonprofit like no other. This is because in 10,000 neighborhoods across the nation, Y-CAP has the presence and partnerships to promise and deliver a positive change. History The Memphis YMCA was a lay-evangelical fellowship of young men united by a common loyalty to Jesus Christ for the first 15 years that it existed. In the 1860s, the Memphis YMCA became inactive due to the Civil War, and the Yellow Fever epidemics of the 1870s. After that period, the Memphis YMCA became permanently recognized in 1883. Little was known about the Memphis YMCA from 1883-1907, except the active leadership that had been provided by John R. Pepper, who maintained the association and kept it worthwhile. In 1907 Thomas B. King and John R. Pepper were correspondingly the president and vice president of the association. The YMCA of Memphis piloted a building fund campaign and purchased a building site for $33,687, feeling the need for facilities. A $200,000 seven-story building was planned for the cite. By the time the building funds were raised Elias Porter was president. The outstanding seven-story structure was completed in 1909, just in time for the buildings dedication by P resident William Howard Taft, accompanied by governors from 27 states, on October 27, 1909. The Memphis YMCA opened over 150 years ago. The first building has been opened for more than 100 years, serving youth as well as adults of Memphis in a variety of ways. Since 1909 the YMCA had developed and branched out in many directions. About the Agency The YMCA currently has eight full facility b... ...ng trouble feeding everyone in the home, Y-CAP could refer them to Mid-South Food Bank, who are in an alliance with them. Review â€Å"Y-CAP is the single most effective program I have seen for righting the path of wayward youth. My experience as a DeSoto County attorney has shown me the long term benefit to the county that Y-CAP offers. Y-CAP is able to intervene in the lives of young people and provide an opportunity for that young person to become a productive citizen. By proper guidance through Y-CAP, juvenile offenders and at-risk youth are able to contribute to the community, rather than drain its law enforcement and other resources. Y-CAP is proven successful in helping youth by involving the entire family. The benefits of a successful graduate are far reaching and an asset to the community that is immeasurable.† —William P. Myers, Attorney, Myers Graves, PLLC

Business Research Process Essay

Abstract The business research process is an important tool that can help the marketing in a business. By using the steps of this process managers are able to make decisions based on the study of the consumer and target audience. It is also important to identify the competitors in order to stay profitable and competitive. Business Research Process The business research method involves the studying of all parts of a company, the customers, and the market to make important decisions for the business. The strengths and weaknesses of a company are evaluated but especially how a customer views their goods and merchandise. Management studies the competition and the industry that which they are a part of. As part of the management at AZ Alarm Company, I make use of the business research process myself. The first step in this process is to identify the significant competitors in the industry. In the alarm industry it is important to know what other companies are offering so that we stay competitive and bring in new customers while still making a profit. Most of this information is readily available and easy to obtain. The second step in the process is to study the customer or consumer. Doing this enables management to find out what the needs and wants are in order to create new products. By analyzing this information it is also to be determined the amount of money someone is willing to spend on these services. After this information has been gathered it is ready to be analyzed. Companies sometimes use the SWOT (Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis. This method enables a business owner or management to enhance their strengths and to figure out what needs to do to change their weaknesses into strengths. Opportunities need to be taken advantage of and utilized because they will not always be available. The target audience also needs to be taken into consideration. If a business is marketing to people that will not use or benefit from their product or service they will not be able to meet their full potential. This can also affect their profit and gain immensely. All of the steps in the business research method are only effective if the information is used and applied to develop and better their marketing strategies. Collecting and analyzing data is something that is ongoing and should be done continuously. As times and technology change so does a consumers wants, needs, and preferences. At AZ Alarm we are always to striving to have the newest and latest technology but also at a competitive price so that we stay on top. References Cooper, D., & Schindler, P. (2011). Business research methods (11th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Suttle, R. (2013). The Steps in a Business Research Process. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/steps-business-research-process-3294.html Suttle, R. (2013). What Is a Business Research Process?. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/business-research-process-3279.html

Microft

Microft Use your browser back button to go back to the search results. Click here to return to the home page. MICROSOFT Corporation Case Analysis Word Count: 6270 words. Subject area: Business Studies : Management Introduction Microsoft, the world's largest designer of software languages and application for personal computers, was started in July 1975 when William Gates and Paul Allen formed a partnership with the mission of developing computer languages for Altair and other microcomputer companies. The name Microsoft was created from a contraction of the word "microcomputer" and "software". The first operation is headquartered in Seattle and the first language that the company produced is Microsoft BASIC, which was followed by Disk BASIC. Gates diligently helped convince corporation of the nascent microcomputer industry's viability that help the Microsoft got its first contracts with Fortune 500 firms like General Electric, Citicorp, and National Cash Register that signed a contract in 1976 .Microsoft and FlickrIn 1977 and 1978, Microsoft released FORTRAN and COBOL programming languages respectively. These two languages were written for the control program for microcomputer, or CP/M operating system, one of many available in the unstandardized microcomputer market. Fortunately for Microsoft, a number of firms, including Sirius, Zenith, and Sharp, chose CP/M as the operating system for their new computers. As a result, Microsoft became the leading distributor for microcomputer languages. The modern PC era dawned in 1980 when IBM chose Microsoft to write the operating system for its new machines. Microsoft was contracted by IBM to write a BASIC program for IBM's 8 bit memory and to furnish several other languages, such as Pascal, FORTRAN, and COBOL for IBM's machine that is based on Intel 8086 chip. In order to do that, Microsoft had to gain access to Digital Research's CP/M operating system, which they failed to do that.

Tetanus essays

Tetanus essays Tetanus is a serious, sometimes fatal, disease caused by the infection of a puncture wound in the skin by spores containing the bacterium, Clostridium tetani. These bacterial spores are commonly found in soil, animal excrement, house dust, operating rooms, contaminated heroin, and most surprisingly the human colon. The bacteria that causes tetanus cannot grow in the presence of oxygen. That is why the bacteria do not grow in shallow or wide wounds exposed to air. The way these spores enter your body is through a wound that penetrates the skin and extends deeper than oxygen can reach. The spores then produce a nerve toxin as they multiply and enter the bloodstream. The newly produced nerve toxin causes spasms and convulsions by interfering with the nerves that control muscles. The toxin moves inward towards the spine at about 10 inches a day. Once tetanus has spread, the mortality rate is approximately 40%. The tetanus bacteria commonly live in the intestines of both animals and As mentioned earlier, tetanus is found in soil, animal excrement, house dust, operating rooms, contaminated heroin, and the human colon, but the most prevalent way of communication is through animal bites. Wild animals are perfect carriers for tetanus, and with natures constant unpredictability there is always a chance of infection. There is also many unknown ways of infection that you may never have thought were possible for tetanus; such as stomach ulcers and infected umbilical cords. Symptoms are extensive and painful, some of which include uncontrollable spasms, stiff jaw and neck muscles, difficulty swallowing, slight fever, headache, chills, involuntary contraction of muscles, and irritability. Typically the first symptoms are felt eight to twelve days after infection. In severe infections it takes only a minor stimulus to trigger s seizure. If muscle spasms develop early, chances of re...

Guillermo Furniture Store Recommendation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Guillermo Furniture Store Recommendation - Essay Example High tech solution is already a part of the production process of Guillermo competitor. This technology has high level of automation that reduces the labor requirement from production process and even from movement of products across assembly line. High tech solution also has computer controlled laser lathe that gives exactly the required cut on the product, thus reducing wastage. JUSTIFICATION FOR RECOMMENDATIONÂ   Cost Benefit Adoption of high tech solution would benefit Guillermo in many areas. First, Guillermo would be able to reduce price of its products. Reduction in price is the most effective tool in meeting competition. Investment in this high tech solution will increase its production by considerable size of almost 50 percent in the first year to enhance its capacity of meeting market demand and compete with foreign competitor with increase in its supply at reduced cost and prices.. Increase in production would spread the cost over greater number of units. The overall labo r cost of the business would increase as labor with high technical skills will be required. However, the production time or labor time for both mid grade and high end products will decline from 20 to 4 units for mid grade and 30 to 4 units for high end products. This decrease in per unit means that almost 5 additional units of high end product (4 X 5 = 20) and 7 additional units of mid grade (4 X 7 = 28) can be produced in time that would have required preparing single unit of both categories under current production process. With adaptation of new technology, the firm will be able to make gross profit of $.891, 543 as compared to $.265, and 282 with current process. Increased Net Profit Adoption of high tech process would increase overhead cost from $222,705 to $. 696,979. This increase in overhead cost is due to increase in cost of salaries, insurance, property tax and depreciation. However, even with accelerated increase in overhead, firm will be able to make net profit (before t axes) of $.195, 564 from $.42, 577. This is the most attractive benefit that Guillermo is expected to gain from changing its business model to high tech solution. Investment Appraisal Technique With these benefits, high tech solution for business is highly capital intensive. Guillermo would require considerable amount to finance this new tech solution for its business. Guillermo Balance sheet for 2010 and 2011 provides information regarding its financial position. Among two modes of financing which are debt and equity, it is suggested that Guillermo shall opt for equity mode of financing. WACC for 2010 and 2011 has been 5.54% and 5.57% respectively with debt contributing 84.3% and 82.4% respectively for two years. Hence, the share of equity is only 15.7% and 17.5% for two years in line. In case, Guillermo adopts debt mode of financing it will then further increase the debt component of WACC which is already too high. WACC is the weighted average cost of capital and it shows the aver age capital cost of the company (Brigham, & Houston, 2004). Hence, it shall raise funds through equity. Cost of capital reduces if the company has too much debt in its capital structure and then it reduces its debt by increasing the equity (Emery, Finnerty, & Stowe, 2007). Therefore

Human Resource Problems in Roanoke Branch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Resource Problems in Roanoke Branch - Essay Example In order to fully determine the human resource problems in the Roanoke Branch, I have spent two weeks with the company’s employees. Since the branch is relatively small, I have administered a conference with them in order to hear their complaints and grievances. During this forum, all of them participated in clarifying the issues that they are facing. I have also conducted a survey in order to gain their consensus on issues of compensation, reward, workload, and their interrelationship with other colleagues and superiors. In summary, the Roanoke branch of Phoenix Advertising is challenged with low employee morale. The branch employees are not sufficient in order to accomplish the heavy workload. The mounting customer demand requires overtime which are unpaid. Aside from these, the Roanoke branch is paying relatively low compensation compared to the industry rates. Artists also feel rejected and almost everyone is not motivated to excel in their positions. All these result to o perational inefficiencies and substandard output. There is also a threat from workers that they might resort to other business organizations which can better give them the better benefits and working condition. Recommendations 1. Employee empowerment can boost employee morale. This can be done by including artists in decision making. Before starting a project, the company's account supervisor should closely coordinate with the artists in order for them to know the customer's requirement. With this, artists will not feel that their creative efforts are rejected. This also helps in eliminating reworks. 2. A new compensation package should be designed. The Roanoke Branch should see to it that it is pays employees for their overtime and holiday works. It is recommended that the branch based its compensation package on industry rates. 3. The branch should hire two more artists in order to efficiently allocate the workload. 4. Evaluation of employee performance should be conducted on a quarterly basis. 5. The new compensation package should also include non-monetary rewards. This includes recognition for the jobs well done in the form of spa and leisure packages for exceptional employee performance. 6. The Roanoke branch must establish a program where employees can air their complaints and grievances. This will enable the branch to improve its dealings with employees.

The process of assessing of need and risk in a given case Essay

The process of assessing of need and risk in a given case - Essay Example Secondly, social workers must, with every chance they get, to teach society about the rights of diverse individuals to all members of the society, thus preventing or decreasing the chances of discrimination or oppression. Finally, social workers should address chances of unfair treatment being received by diverse individuals. The application of social work is a case-to-case basis, no plan of action can be applied to two different scenarios. Thus, to determine the plan of action in a specific case, the assessment of needs and risks should be done for every individual or institution in question. In this paper, I will discuss the case of a British geriatric couple, Jo and Vivian, who are anxious about the possibility of being sent to a nursing home because of their medical condition. Before visiting the couple, I will enumerate the needs and risks this couple has, and with this, I will give a list of pre-interview list of means to address the issues of Jo and Vivian.. NEEDS AND RISKS In this part of the report, the needs and risks of Jo and Vivian are discussed. ... In the case of Jo and Vivian, such difficulty initially started when Vivian had to resign to take care of Jo, who, in that time, was starting to feel the debilitating effects of arthritis. Making things worse, Vivian suffers from depression, and needs to undergo medication also. Without someone else to pay for their basic and additional needs, the lack of resources to pay for their special health care makes them susceptible to other risks, such as injury and complications Further health issues. Even without illnesses, geriatric individuals such as Jo, age 87, and Vivian, age 63, undergo physical changes that impair their ability to perform day-to-day activities, as many and as often as they could back in their younger days. As a person ages, he/she develops poor eyesight, hearing loss, weak balance, and painful walking. The risk of injuries resulting from these age-dependent physical limitations must be addressed accordingly. To address these health issues, they need someone to look after them on a regular basis, providing them their food, helping them take a bath and change clothes, giving them the right amount of medicines on the time it is needed, and ensuring the injury-free environment at home.. Unfortunately, Sam, the district nurse, and Chris, the good friend, are not enough to help the couple in their regular activities such as eating and taking a bath, simply because they are not with Jo and Vivian most of the time. Usually, a member of their nuclear family takes the responsibility of taking care of their elders, either by sending them in nursing homes or taking care of them in the comforts of their own home. But in this case, Jo and Vivian do not have

Accomplishing Iraqs Sovereignty Essay Example for Free

Accomplishing Iraqs Sovereignty Essay The New York Times article Iraq Marks Withdrawal of U. S. Troops From Cities by Alissa J. Rubin covers a milestone in Iraqs post-Hussein political scene: The withdrawal of American troops from major Iraqi cities and settlements which in turn resulted in their declaration of sovereignty. Although many Iraqis desire sovereignty, there are others who believe that Iraqi security forces have inadequate experience to control insurgencies that continue to occur within Iraqi cities, as a bombing occurred in a market place on the same day as the parade. However, Prime Minister Nuri Kamal al-Malaki is confident that the Iraqi government can handle the maintenance of security within the country. Although there are still Americans in some urban outposts, most of the troops have already withdrawn, giving the local security forces more control over the cities. The event has also been declared as a national holiday even though it has not fully received national sovereignty yet (Rubin, 2009). By pulling out the occupying forces, the American government has eased tensions between them and Iraq, as well as with other Arab nations within the region. See more: My Writing Process Essay Iraq can govern themselves independently once again. It would also project lesser spending for the American government since they have started pulling out troops and loosening their control. It would also strengthen the bond between the American and Iraqi governments, and also that with other governments around the region. However, it would also be quite a challenge for the local security forces to maintain the safety within Iraqi cities, without the presence of American troops since insurgencies have not yet halted. Many Iraqis were relieved and joyous of the American troops exit in their cities, even if some still remained for security purposes. It is probably because of the tightness of the Americans grip on their society in relation to security. However, some Iraqis fear that with this withdrawal, insurgents would have more opportunity to strike and deliver their wrath (Rubin, 2009). Indeed, security might be ineffective without the American troops presence — or with lesser troops present. However, others also believe that the Americans brought the insurgence along when they occupied the cities. In short, they believe that the Americans are the insurgents targets. Without the troops, they believe that less attacks would occur, although they cannot really be too sure. Fear would continue to prevail if the Iraqi security forces could not guarantee the citizens safety, which may lead to discouragement and decline of confidence towards the Iraqi government. References Rubin, A. (2009, June 30). Iraq marks withdrawal of U. S. troops from cities. The New York Times. Retrieved July 1, 2009, from http://www. nytimes. com/2009/07/01/world/middleeast/01iraq

The Citizens Clean Elections Act :: Politics Political Campaigns Essays

The Citizens Clean Elections Act Clean Elections Act is a proposition that gives everyday people like you and I a chance to give something back to our community without having to spend millions of dollars to campaign with but instead the money comes from donations on your W2 form and also taxpayers. Arizonans have agreed that it is just a better way to have elections among the rich companies and candidates. The current proposition has influenced a higher voter turn out along with more candidate competition. Though, this proposition is still currently active the large firms have taken it to the Federal courts seven times desperately trying to get the proposition overturned by saying it is unconstitutional. With the help of voters supporting this proposition we can keep the clean elections act in Arizona. As the wealthy politicians get more tax cuts the average everyday American running for office stands no chance in beating his competitor without having money to back him. In Arizona and three other states we have a different aspect that has changed elections since 1998 it is a clean act on campaigning, it helps the average man or woman to run for any office. The act protects average Americans who do not have millions of dollars to campaign with. The act makes a fair election process because whose to say that all rich people are the best candidates for the job why not an average American such as a teacher or a police officer to take on the task as a Senator or Governor for any state. Many Americans do not run for these positions because money has a huge impact on the way elections unfold in the United States. If you do not have campaigning money how can you get your name out there for anyone to see? So, in theory if you have no money you have no candidate. In 1998 when Arizonans passed the â€Å"Citizens Clean Elections Act† by a mere 51% they were the fourth state to have passed the act. The act is for candidates who need public funds for their own campaigning. In other states the public funding came from traffic tickets and surcharges making the Clean Elections Act not able to pass because that money was needed at other areas in the government. The court system deemed it unconstitutional to use traffic tickets for public campaigning since it was an optional funding for candidates.

Lifes Ways with Unfair Love :: essays research papers

Life’s Ways with Unfair Love   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Forest Gump, a well-known film, not only shares the story of a man’s journey through life, but it also portrays the many facts faced each day. Life is not fair, but there is no reason not to except it and just get used to it. Throughout life there are many obstacles and experiences that we all go through at one time or another. Everyone has feelings and those feelings are bound to be confusing at some point in our lives. Missing someone you love and then feeling hurt by watching him or her love somebody else can be one of the toughest things to deal with in life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Love is hard and always will be. Feelings can get so caught up each day that it is hard to know which way is the right way to feel. It can be easy to get so used to what our mind is trying to tell us to do that we do not give our heart the chance to show us what actually to do. With all the criticism and opinions, we have no reason to carry our hearts on our sleeves when we know how we truly feel towards someone. Any feeling can be confusing, especially when something seems so right. Feelings begin to turn into thoughts that eventually become unexplainable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The feeling of finding someone who makes your heart feel happy is something that nobody imagines letting go of or ever losing. Seeing the world though someone else’s eyes and having to look away just seems so unfair. After the first time someone makes you feel loved, you realize what you had previously missed. Missing someone can have you thinking of all the right reasons you were brought together and all the reasons why you fell apart. Some days hurt much more than others, but knowing that someone at one time wanted to know your every thought with just one look can mean more than words itself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Watching someone change his or her feelings towards you for someone else can sometimes make you feel as if your heart is never going to stop from aching. How can â€Å"promise† be the word that it is when people spend a lot of their time breaking it? You spend hours wondering if that special person still smiles the same way they used to or if they even care the same way they use to feel.

Safeguarding the Welfare of Children and Young People.

UNIT: TDA 2. 2 SAFEGUARDING THE WELFARE OF CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE. Question 1. TDA 2. 2: LEARNING OUTCOME 2. 4 Describe in detail the actions that you would take response to the following emergency situations in your setting to include: †¢ Fire †¢ Security incidents †¢ Missing children and young people *********************************************************************** EMERGENCY SITUATIONS FIRE: If i discovered a fire on the premises i would immediatly raise the alarm, if i was near to a phone i would also dial 999. On hearing the alarm the head teacher would dial 999 or instruct a member of staff to do so). I would only tackle the fire if possible using the appliance provided if it was a small fire and i knew how to use the appliance provided correctly and safely. On hearing the fire alarm, i would follow the instructions of the teacher in charge. I would calmly assist in gathering all pupils and guiding them out through the nearest fire exit immediatly. If i w as the last person out i would ensure i closed all doors behind me. All persons, staff and pupils would report to the assembly point (in my case it would be the front yard). A register would be taken. The school policy states any absentees an immediate search will be made. The policy also states do not take risks and do not return to the building until authorised to do so. I would closely listen and follow instructions from the head or teacher in charge. I know where all the fire alarms are and fire exits within the school and have read the fire notes that are on the wall in the classroom. SECURITY INCIDENTS: Any persons entering the school must do so through reception. At reception there is a signing in book any visitors to the school must sign in here. The visitor must indicate time of arrival, name, reason for visit, and if necessary provide i. d. All visitors are required to wear an i. d badge, and must sign out as they depart. If i noticed any unidentified people on the school premises i would challenge them immediately, and report to the teacher or head my concerns. All door are secure so people cannot enter from outside but they can be opened easily from the inside in the event of emergencies such as a fire. Should there be a security alert within the school i would follow the instructions of the person in charge and ensure all children are in the classroom, where a register would be taken. I would assist in keepin children calm and keeping them in the classroom. nobody would be allowed to enter or leave the building until the head gave permission. MISSING CHILDREN OR YOUNG PEOPLE.. If i realised a child was missing i would report to the teacher in charge immediately, i would state where and when i last seen the child. I would assist in keeping the children calm and gathering all the children together whilst a search was organised. I would follow instructions from the teacher in charge and assist in the search for the missing child if i was required to do so. The school would be put on lockdown and no one would be allowed to enter or leave the building. If the child was not found on the premises the childs parents/guardians and the police would be contacted.

Free Essays on Islam - A Theocracy Of Hatred And Murder

Islam – A Theocracy of Hatred and Murder Newspapers and magazines practice a questionable censorship of criticism of the world’s religions. The most vicious devil worship is mentioned with little comment and then only in crime reporting of the horror committed. This can be a good thing. Religious hatreds are so easily inflamed, and there is so much history of religious persecution, that we are much better off with this practice of self-restraint. Most importantly, the separation of church and state that is so strongly enforced and spelled out in the First Amendment to our constitution that it ensures everyone’s right to practice and believe what ever you want. Most other countries only come close to what we have and in many other countries, there is no freedom of religion at all. In some democracies, it is legal for a political party to yearn for religious domination, but in other democratic countries such parties are very small and never reach the stage of challenging their constitutions. The name â€Å"Chri stian Democratic Party,† common in Europe, refers to moral roots, not to theocratic ambitions. The consequence of this separation of church and state is that political contention is not poisoned by religious hatred. There is one exception though, Islam, a theocracy that has murdered, savaged and brutalized the world for over a thousand years. Its pagan beginnings in the seventh century are well documented and have been proven historically. Allah was the name of the moon god and he was married to the sun goddess. Together they produced three goddesses who were called â€Å" the daughters of Allah†. These three goddesses were called Al-Lat, Al-Uzza, and Manat. Islam has evolved into a highly intolerant religious doctrine that believes church and state are one and that canon law and civil law are one. Islam believes that unbelievers must be converted or conquered and that hating infidels is a virtue and killing an infidel... Free Essays on Islam - A Theocracy Of Hatred And Murder Free Essays on Islam - A Theocracy Of Hatred And Murder Islam – A Theocracy of Hatred and Murder Newspapers and magazines practice a questionable censorship of criticism of the world’s religions. The most vicious devil worship is mentioned with little comment and then only in crime reporting of the horror committed. This can be a good thing. Religious hatreds are so easily inflamed, and there is so much history of religious persecution, that we are much better off with this practice of self-restraint. Most importantly, the separation of church and state that is so strongly enforced and spelled out in the First Amendment to our constitution that it ensures everyone’s right to practice and believe what ever you want. Most other countries only come close to what we have and in many other countries, there is no freedom of religion at all. In some democracies, it is legal for a political party to yearn for religious domination, but in other democratic countries such parties are very small and never reach the stage of challenging their constitutions. The name â€Å"Chri stian Democratic Party,† common in Europe, refers to moral roots, not to theocratic ambitions. The consequence of this separation of church and state is that political contention is not poisoned by religious hatred. There is one exception though, Islam, a theocracy that has murdered, savaged and brutalized the world for over a thousand years. Its pagan beginnings in the seventh century are well documented and have been proven historically. Allah was the name of the moon god and he was married to the sun goddess. Together they produced three goddesses who were called â€Å" the daughters of Allah†. These three goddesses were called Al-Lat, Al-Uzza, and Manat. Islam has evolved into a highly intolerant religious doctrine that believes church and state are one and that canon law and civil law are one. Islam believes that unbelievers must be converted or conquered and that hating infidels is a virtue and killing an infidel...

High School Drug Abuse What Do You Do essays

High School Drug Abuse What Do You Do essays According to a study conducted by the University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research, among the graduating class of 1997, 54.3 percent of students had used an illicit drug by the time they reached their senior year of high school: a dramatic increase from the once 40.7 percent in 1992. The study also reported an increase among high school seniors from 27.1 percent in 1992 to 42.4 percent in 1997, that had used an illicit drug in that past year. There was also an increase from 14.4 percent (1992) to 26.2 percent (1997) of use in the past month. And due to the addictive nature of drugs, many of these young students will continue using them throughout their life. Drug abuse has become an increasing problem in the nation's high schools today. The question is, how is it prevented? Drug testing has been a successful way of controlling this, and the problems associated with it. It is true though, that the most effective way begins in the home, when children are young and just learning about drugs and their hazardous health risks. Other programs deal with educating students about the effects and dangers that will effect a person for the rest of their life. These programs also teach about the legal issues involved. But what do you do for high school students, after it is too late to carry out these programs. And often the programs have been carried out, but students ignored the warning and council, and end up breaking the law. What do you do then? Many schools are implementing drug testing programs, which have been proven to successfully decrease the amount of drug abuse that occurs in schools. High School drug testing has become a very controversial topic in many communities across the nation. Many students and parents are arguing that drug testing is a violation of the rights of a US citizen as designated in the 4th amendment of the Constitution. But, in the Supreme Court case of Vernonia School District v. Wayne Act...

Biography of Marcel Duchamp, Modern Art Revolutionary

Biography of Marcel Duchamp, Modern Art Revolutionary The French-American artist Marcel Duchamp (1887–1968) was an innovator, working across mediums such as painting, sculpture, collages, short films, body art, and found objects. Known as both a pioneer and a troublemaker, Duchamp is associated with several modern art movements, including  Dadaism,  Cubism, and  Surrealism, and is credited for paving the way for  Pop,  Minimal, and Conceptual art. Fast Facts: Marcel Duchamp Full Name: Marcel Duchamp, also known as Rrose Sà ©lavyOccupation: ArtistBorn:  July 28, 1887 in Blainville, Normandy, FranceParents Names: Eugene and Lucie DuchampDied: October 2, 1968 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, FranceEducation: One year of school at the Ecole des Beaux Artes in Paris (flunked out)Famous Quotes: The painting is no longer a decoration to be hung in the dining room or living room. We have thought of other things to use as decoration. Early Years Duchamp was born on July 28, 1887, the fourth child of seven born to Lucie and Eugene Duchamp. His father was a notary, but there was art in the family. Two of Duchamps elder brothers were successful artists: the painter Jacques Villon (1875–1963) and the sculptor Raymond Duchamp-Villon (1876–1918). In addition, Duchamps mother Lucie was an amateur artist and his grandfather was an engraver. When Duchamp came of age, Eugene willingly supported his son Marcels career in art. Duchamp made his first painting,  Church in Blainville, at  the age of 15, and  enrolled in the Academie Jullian at Pariss École des Beaux-Arts. In a series of interviews published after his death, Duchamp is quoted as saying he couldnt remember any of the teachers he had, and that he spent the mornings playing billiards rather than going to the studio. He ended up flunking out after one year. From Cubism to Dadaism to Surrealism Duchamps artistic life spanned several decades, during which he reinvented his art time and again, often offending critics sensibilities along the way. Duchamp spent most of those years alternating between Paris and New York. He mingled with the New York art scene, forging close friendships with American artist  Man Ray, historian Jacques Martin Barzun, writer Henri-Pierre Rochà ©, composer Edgar Varà ¨se, and painters Francisco Picabia and Jean Crotti, among others.   Marcel Duchamp, Nude Descending a Staircase No. 2 (1912). Public domain. ​ Nude Descending a Staircase (No. 2)  deeply offended the Cubists, because although it selected the color palette and form of Cubism, it added a reference to explicit perpetual motion and was seen as a dehumanized rendering of the female nude. The painting also created a big scandal at the 1913 New York Armory Show of Europe, after which Duchamp was heartily embraced by the New York crowd of Dadaists. Marcel Duchamp, Bicycle Wheel (1913). Dan Kitwood / Getty Images Bicycle Wheel  (1913) was the first of Duchamps readymades: primarily manufactured objects with one or two minor tweaks to the form. In Bicycle Wheel, the fork and wheel of a bicycle are mounted on a stool. The Bride Stripped Bare by her Bachelors, Even  or  The Large Glass  (1915–1923) is a two-paned glass window with an image assembled out of lead foil, fuse wire, and dust. The upper panel illustrates an insect-like bride and the lower panel features the silhouettes of nine suitors, shooting their attention in her direction. The work broke during shipment in 1926; Duchamp repaired it about a decade later, saying, Its a lot better with the breaks. DidBaroness Elsa SubmitThe Fountain? Marcel Duchamp, The Fountain (1916). Photographed by Alfred Stieglitz. Public domain. There is a rumor that  The Fountain  was not submitted to New York Independents Art Show by Duchamp, but rather by the Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven, another Dada artist who played with gender and performance art and was among the more outrageous characters of the New York art scene. While the original is long gone, there are 17 copies in different museums around the world, all assigned to Duchamp. After Renouncing Art Marcel Duchamp, Etant donnes (1946-1966). Mixed media assemblage.  © Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / ADAGP, Paris / Succession Marcel Duchamp. Fair use. In 1923, Duchamp publicly renounced art, saying he would spend his life on chess. He was very good at chess and was on several French chess tournament teams. More or less secretly, however, he continued work from 1923 to 1946 under the name Rrose Sà ©lavy. He also continued to produce readymades. Etant donnes  was Duchamps last work. He made it in secret and wanted it shown only after his death. The work consists of a wooden door set in a brick frame. Inside the door are two peepholes, through which the viewer can see a deeply disturbing scene of a naked woman lying on a bed of twigs and holding a lit gaslight. The Turkish artist Serkan Ãâ€"zkaya has suggested that the female figure in Etant donnes is, in some respects, a self-portrait of Duchamp, an idea also put forward in 2010 by artist Meeka Walsh in an essay in BorderCrossings.   Marriage andPersonal Life Duchamp described his mother as distant and cold and indifferent, and he felt that she preferred his younger sisters to him, a preference that had a profound effect on his self-esteem. Although he presented himself as cool and detached in interviews, some biographers believe that his art reflects the strenuous efforts he made to deal with his silent rage and unmet need for erotic closeness. Duchamp was married twice and had a long-term mistress. He also had a female alter ego, Rrose Sà ©lavy, whose name translates to Eros, such is life. Death and Legacy Marcel Duchamp died at his home in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France on October 2, 1968. He was buried in Rouen under the epitaph, Dailleurs, cest toujours les autres qui meurent (Besides, its always the others who die). To this day, he is remembered as one of the great innovators in modern art. He invented new ways of thinking about what art can be and radically transformed ideas about culture. Sources Cabanne, Pierre.  Dialogues with Marcel Duchamp. Trans. Padgett, Ron. London: Thames and Hudson, 1971. Print.Duchamp, Marcel, Rrose Sà ©lavy, and Ann Temkin. Of or By.  Grand Street  58 (1996): 57–72. Print.Frizzell, Nell. Duchamp and the Pissoir-Taking Sexual Politics of the Art World. The Guardian November 7 2014. Web.Giovanna, Zapperi. Marcel Duchamps Tonsure: Towards an Alternate Masculinity.  Oxford Art Journal  30.2 (2007): 291–303. Print.James, Carol Plyley. Marcel Duchamp, Naturalized American. The French Review 49.6 (1976): 1097–105. Print.Mershaw, Marc. Now You See Him, Now You Don’t: Duchamp From Beyond the Grave. The New York Times Sept. 29, 2017. Web.Paijmans, Door Theo. Het Urinoir Is Niet Van Duchamp (The iconic Fountain (1917) is not created by Marcel Duchamp).  See All This  10 (2018). Print.Pape, Gerard J. Marcel Duchamp.  American Imago  42.3 (1985): 255–67. Print.Rosenthal, Nan. Marcel Duchamp (1887–1968 ).  Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. The Metropolitan Museum 2004. Web. Spalding, Julian, and Glyn Thompson.  Did Marcel Duchamp Steal Elsas Urinal?  The Art Newspaper  262 (2014). Print.Speyer, A. James. Marcel Duchamp Exhibition.  Bulletin of the Art Institute of Chicago  (1973–1982) 68.1 (1974): 16–19. Print.Walsh, Meeka. The Gaze and the Guess: Fixing Identity in â€Å"Étant donnà ©s.† BorderCrossings 114. Web.